Understanding the Ladder of Inference

 

The Ladder of Inference is a tool that helps us understand how we make decisions and form beliefs. Imagine a ladder with several rungs, each representing a step in our thinking process. Here’s how it works: 

Observation: At the bottom, we observe raw data and experiences. This is what we see, hear, or read. It's important to remember that we don't necessarily observe all information available. 

Example: Here is what I see...
Selection: Next, we select certain pieces of data to focus on. We can't pay attention to everything, so we choose what's important to us from what we observed.
Example: What I think is relevant about that is...
Meanings: Then, we interpret the data. This means we add meaning based on our past experiences and knowledge.
Example: I take that to mean...
Assumptions: After that, we make assumptions based on meanings we added to our selected data.
And I assume that...
Conclusions: Next, we draw conclusions. We decide what we believe is true based on our assumptions.
Example: So, here is my conclusion...
Beliefs: We then develop beliefs. These are deeply held ideas about how things work, and they affect what data we will select as relevant next time.
Example: And that leads me to believe...
Actions: Finally, at the top, we take action. Our beliefs guide our decisions and behaviors.
Example: So, what I plan to do is...

Because each step builds on the last, potentially imperfect step, it is also important to ask yourself, "Am I missing anything?" before making big decisions or ones that affect others.


Understanding the Ladder of Inference helps us become more aware of our thought process. It encourages us to question our assumptions and interpretations, leading to better decision-making.

If you notice yourself becoming irritated or frustrated, it may be time to pause and check on any possible assumptions. Pause, and ask:

1. What am I feeling? If the answer involves judgement, as in "feeling like a failure", break it down to the simplest components possible, like frustration and anger.
2. Why do I think I feel that way? Is there one root cause, like a particular sentence someone said? Are many smaller situations contributing?
3. Is that really why I feel that way? Spend time on this, digging a little deeper by asking why and how questions.
4. Are my feelings proportional to their cause? When asking this question in the moment, it can sometimes be hard to tell. If you are unsure, set a time to revisit the situation or set up a conversation with someone who you trust to help you assess.

These four questions were taken from Evan Meenan, who uses this strategy in his work for the State. By slowing down and examining each step, we can avoid misunderstandings and improve communication with others. So, the next time you find yourself jumping to conclusions, think about the ladder and take a step back to reassess!